This paper focuses on two key issues that characterize the current public financial management debate—the quality of governance, and public sector accounting reforms. After investigating a sample of 33 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the period 2010–2014, the authors suggest that states which have implemented public sector accounting reforms (through the adoption of accrual-based accounting systems and the implementation of International Public Sector Accounting Standards) have a higher level of governance quality. More specifically, their results suggest a positive influence on the level of accountability, government effectiveness, regulation quality, the rule of law, and controlling corruption; while political stability is not affected by such reforms.